Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak where awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize thanks to their research on cancer.

According to San Francisco Business Times:
The trio found that chromosome-capping telomeres — which Blackburn has compared to the plastic ends of shoe laces — and the enzyme telomerase protect chromosomes as cells divide.
Blackburn and Szostak discovered that a unique DNA sequence in the telomeres protects the chromosomes from degradation while Blackburn and Greider identified telomerase, the enzyme that makes telomere DNA.
If the telomeres are shortened, cells age. Higher telomerase activity, meanwhile, maintains telomeres length.
The discoveries have an impact on cancer research as well as research into aging and other diseases. Blackburn and her UCSF colleagues have found, for example, that telomeres are worn down in people who are stressed for long periods of time, like a parent caring for a chronically ill child.
The $1.4 million prize will be shared among the trio. Congrats to all the 2009 Nobel Prize winners!
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